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At this year’s Inforum user group conference, Infor representatives showed the progress the organization has made since last year in transforming itself from a ragbag of mostly small, often obsolete software companies to a competitive vendor of a modern enterprise management software suite. Infor was created by private equity investors employing a “rollup” strategy, aimed at combining smaller companies within an industry to form a single larger company that could achieve economies of scale and greater market presence. Others have tried this in the software industry in the past and encountered difficulty in making it work for two primary reasons. One is the technical challenge of achieving economies of scale in enterprise applications by turning a set of similar but separately developed software pieces into a single offering. Computer Associates achieved economies of scale through acquisition in the 1990s in the IT infrastructure software segment. But it did this largely by forcing customers of the various acquired companies to migrate to its single offering in the specific category. This is not a practical approach for business and finance enterprise applications because customers are willing to go off maintenance and eventually look for another vendor. The second difficulty is that newer or larger competitors can focus on innovation and overtake the rollup company while its attention and resources are focused on stitching the pieces together.
Infor has addressed the economies-of-scale issue with its loosely coupled, XML-based ION middleware. Introduced in 2011, ION is an elegant method for integrating the data and process elements of the disparate pieces of Infor’s portfolio. (And of other software, too: Half of Infor’s customers use it to integrate with other vendors’ software.) ION has made it easier and less costly, for example, for Infor’s ERP customers to add its financial performance management software, according to our Value Index analysis. This cross-selling had been at the core of the company’s strategy from the start but needed a practical solution to make it work; ION supplied that.
Innovation is the other important issue that Infor needed to address. The numerous incremental technology advances that have taken place over the past decade, combined with the rise of the “millennials” and the retirement of the Baby Boomers in the workforce, are driving fundamental changes in how people expect to work with software. This shift is a key part of my research agenda for this year.
Nothing says “modern” like the Cloud. Most observers now recognize that corporations will continue to pick and choose how they deploy software and data for quite some time. Our benchmark research into business technology innovation confirms that organizations have different preferences in how they deploy information technology, as the chart shows. In some cases, such as analytics, they prefer on-premises by a substantial margin, while the cloud rules for social media. Many companies that won’t dream of having their ERP and financial management systems in the cloud are long-time users of Salesforce.
Infor has made strides in addressing this situation. For example, Inforce is a native Force.com tool that connects Salesforce with Infor’s back-office applications. Inforce enables a company to automate management of, say, the full scope of a sales order process that begins as an opportunity in Salesforce and ends with posting all details of the completed transaction in the company’s ERP system. This structure eliminates the need to rekey data and enables controls such as credit limit approvals to be enforced. Similarly, Infor recently announced Sky Vault, an offering based on Amazon Web Services’ Redshift. Sky Vault is a cloud-based variation of Infor’s Business Vault, a dedicated repository for data generated by any transaction system (not just Infor’s). Business Vault offers users a way to immediately access a full range of company data for analysis and reporting. When it is formally launched in the second half of this year Sky Vault will provide a cloud-based repository that includes prebuilt,
industry- and function-specific business analytics, reports and dashboards. Its purpose is to give users low-cost big data capabilities. Our research shows that corporations are increasingly looking at big data technologies to retain and analyze more corporate data, increase the speed of analysis of that data and make it more accurate.
Simply having a cloud-based offering or an approach to big data is less important than what you do with it. To that end Infor has focused on improving the efficiency with which people use its software (one metric being the number of clicks required to perform a process) as well as making “beautiful apps,” in what it is calling “the SoHo Experience” created by its internal creative design organization. The dull, cluttered and difficult-to-navigate interfaces of the past were the result of inexperience in design and constrained computing resources. Today, it’s important to apply basic concepts of industrial design and ergonomics to creating user interfaces. This goes beyond making old code bases pretty. Largely because of tablets and mobile computing platforms, people now work with multiple types of interfaces and use a wider range of methods and gestures to interact with their devices. Today’s software design must reflect these changes. Having a modern user experience also makes it easier for Infor to attract customers and deflect claims that it is selling warmed-over applications that it acquired, which would have been a competitive vulnerability had it taken a more conventional approach.
Enhanced business collaboration for every part of the organization increasingly is a key requirement for software, and Infor is at work here also. Its Ming.le social collaboration software provides the means to connect groups of people within a workforce to achieve faster communication and more effective interaction in the context of specific issues or processes supported by computing systems. Instant messaging evolved from teenagers passing electronic notes to their friends into an easier way for business people to connect faster than through phones and email. Similarly, social collaboration is now more than a Facebook metaphor and addresses a key drawback to instant messaging systems. Individuals have multiple roles and multiple networks of people with whom they interact. Some relationships are tight, but others are transient. Some may be focused on a general topic such as marketing and therefore include a large and possibly diffuse group, while others such as performing reconciliations in the financial close process have a defined and controlled set of members. Well-designed social collaboration software can manage all of these types of interactions and enable people to resolve issues faster and with less effort than other means of communication.
As well, Infor has been building out mobility applications for extending functionality to people and functions that aren’t confined to a desk, such as a shop-floor tablet application, proof of delivery, requisitions and field service, to name a few. Mobility is rapidly becoming a table-stakes capability expected by software customers.
Integration and innovation support Infor’s core strength, which has been – and will continue to be – a customer base that values Infor’s highly specialized offerings. Infor’s “micro-vertical” strategy suits midsize companies (and midsize divisions of larger corporations) that have limited IT budgets yet want their specialized requirements addressed without having to pay a premium for customization and configuration. Many types of business adapt well to standard software, and all major ERP software companies have built industry-specific variations of their software offering over the past two decades. But milk and beer, for instance, remain two very different types of beverages with distinct requirements. Likewise steel service is a distinct form of distribution, and different types of industrial equipment dealers have specific requirements. Even Lawson’s S3 customers are focused in businesses such as government and healthcare that are people-intensive and therefore must manage the complexities associated with rapidly evolving workforce relationships.
Addressing micro-vertical specific requirements in business analytics, planning and control software will enable Infor to continue 
increasing its penetration of these products into its installed base. For example, by deploying Infor’s financial management software, one longstanding ERP customer I spoke with was able to shave half a day from its accounting close in part because it was able to automate more and eliminate 300 spreadsheets that were used in the process. Rather than have three people spend a half day each creating spreadsheet reports that were distributed to individuals by email, reports are generated automatically and individuals can retrieve them from a central repository. In addition, the company controller is now able to complete the management accounting narratives half a day earlier, making critical information available sooner than before. All of this is consistent with our research that demonstrates the value of automation in accelerating the financial close process, as shown in the chart. Across its range of micro-verticals Infor offers off-the-rack basic dashboards and reports tailored to the businesses requirements of its customers. Another example of cross-sell potential is its Approva continuous monitoring software, which can be especially useful for government, education and nonprofits. Unlike most businesses that pay expenses from a common pot, almost all of these entities must use funds-based accounting, so it’s necessary to keep tabs on these individual funds’ balances for specific programs, departments and so on to avoid overspending.
None of what Infor has added over the past two years is groundbreaking technology or a revolutionary approach to enterprise computing compared to what’s available in the broader marketplace. On the other hand, it doesn’t have to be. The changes it has made offer existing customers substantial advantages for sustaining and even expanding Infor’s footprint in their organization. From the perspective of private equity investors and bondholders, this has been and continues to be the most critical aspect of the company’s business strategy. Without it, their investment in Infor would be doomed. And in this respect current leadership has succeeded where the previous management group did not. All of the steps in modernizing and upgrading the products have been achieved at a critical time. The prices paid for software companies in the consolidation of the past decade were based on the assumption of a long stream of annual maintenance payments. However, new technology and a new generation of buyers with more demanding requirements put those dependable maintenance streams in peril. Vendors can no longer assume that they will sustain their current share of wallet without adding functionality and capabilities as well as eliminating ancillary ownership costs (for example, by reducing customization and implementation costs).
The company’s senior executives appeared much more at ease this year than in the past, which might be an indicator that business is improving. But it’s hard to know for certain because Infor is a closely held corporation and is not required to routinely disclose its financial statements. Presenters declined to answer specific questions about the financial performance this year. However, Infor filed its fiscal 2012 financials with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as a result of an exchange offer for its debt last year. The company data relates to its fiscal 2012, which ended that May 31, so the information is now almost a year old. The S-4 filing shows the company had revenues of $2.5 billion, a 35% increase over the prior year. This reflected increased demand for software generally but also renewed confidence in the company’s future as well as the Lawson Software acquisition, without which the top line would have been up 24%. Infor’s income statement had been holding its own under the weight of heavy interest expense related to debt taken on to fund acquisitions and a substantial investment in R&D. In fiscal 2012 it lost money on a reported basis but was slightly above break-even when noncash and nonrecurring items are excluded, as well as solidly profitable before interest expense. The numbers also illustrate the substantial investment Infor has made in R&D, which rose by $115 million to $322 million, representing 13% of revenues, up from 11% in the previous two years. For Infor to go public, the company would have to demonstrate ongoing organic revenue growth and prospects for more in the future. One reason for going public would be to retire the company’s high-cost debt, which would allow more spending on sales and marketing focused on gaining new customers.
Infor appears to have come a long way toward achieving the objective of making a very challenging enterprise software rollup work. The first, relatively easy step was buying a set of unsustainably small software companies at reasonable prices. The more recent, much more difficult step has been to make the technology and product design investments needed to transform solid but stodgy intellectual property into a modern software suite. I’ve been describing Infor as “the largest software company you never heard of,” but I expect that won’t be true much longer.
Regards,
Robert Kugel – SVP Research
A recent news release by Robert Half, a staffing company that specializes in accounting and finance personnel, covered what it sees as the most important attributes required for auditors in the 21st century. “7 Attributes of Highly Effective Internal Auditors” covers the people dimension of the profession and focuses on the non-technical requirements of the role, including relationship-building, teamwork, and diversity. No doubt these skills are a must for just about anybody working in a modern (Western) corporation. For me, though, the most important quality on the list is at the bottom: continuous learning. That’s because the role of internal and external auditors will be transformed radically by big data, in-memory processing and other advances in information technology that will make enterprise automated fraud discovery and mitigation a reality before the end of this decade.
A bit of history: Before computers took over, auditors used to examine paper accounting records for suspicious physical evidence, such as erasures, out of sequence entries, blank spaces and different-colored inks. When companies first adopted computer-based accounting systems, auditors lost access to these clues that might point to fraud. Worse, numerous computer-based accounting frauds in the 1960s and 1970s were hard for auditors to spot because the proprietary systems of the day were far from transparent. These frauds led to the formation of the Treadway Commission, which promulgated the COSO framework, which was the underpinning of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act’s Section 404 requirements.
Meanwhile, somewhat ironically, the computer-based accounting systems that once aided swindlers are about to make it much more difficult to successfully commit financial fraud. (I have too much respect for the criminal mind to think for a moment that fraud will be impossible.) Big data and in-memory processing techniques are about to give auditors a clearer and more comprehensive picture of what to audit, and even provide alerts that a fraud is being committed. These systems will provide a digital equivalent to the search for erasures, suspicious sequences and missing items.
Applying automated governance and control techniques to electronic financial systems is nothing new. Since the 1990s, enterprise systems such as ERP have become far more transparent, and this has enabled business to use software to make it more difficult to successfully perpetrate financial fraud. Identity and access controls are an important barrier that ensures only those with the proper credentials are able to perform specific tasks or view sensitive information. Vendors such as Oversight Systems and Infor Approva, for example, provide software that performs continuous monitoring to ensure that control-related processes and policies are being observed. I see these as precursors to more comprehensive enterprise systems that will continuously monitor and review a broader set of data that comes from all financial management systems, including accounting, consolidation, planning and analytics (to name four), as well as supply chain and warehouse management systems and, perhaps, machine data.
Being able to view a comprehensive set of corporate data is a prerequisite for effectively automating enterprise fraud discovery. A completely effective system would be one that gives no false negatives (that is, it doesn’t miss a suspicious indicator) and no false positives (which waste time sending auditors on what turn out to be wild goose chases). Taking an enterprise approach to managing fraud is potentially much more efficient. It is also likely to have a better chance at spotting sophisticated frauds sooner because it should be able to connect many more dots than is currently feasible. Of course, no system will ever be 100 percent effective, so business will still need to employ other, non-automated techniques, including relying on tips. While uncovering material financial fraud is critically important, decades of experience have made it clear that automated systems usually fail in practice because they do not reliably limit false positives. Justifying the investment in automated fraud detection, mitigation and management depends on those systems’ ability to ensure that the cost of uncovering fraud doesn’t exceed the cost of the fraud itself.
The most challenging aspects of implementing an enterprise fraud detection and prevention system involve identifying the things that need to be monitored and measured, creating algorithms or describing patterns that define suspicious events, items, values, ratios or relationships (to name five), and then defining the thresholds and conjoint conditions (to name two) that indicate a situation that is worth investigating. Many of these algorithms and techniques are likely to begin as generic constructs, freely available to all. The art of establishing an “auditor in a box” will be in determining how to apply these algorithms and techniques to an individual company’s situation, and the science will be in the way they are implemented, since every company’s specific IT environment and systems provisioning makes each one a unique set of permutations of the generic model.
Which brings me back to the initial point of this piece: Information technology will transform the role of the auditor radically over this decade. The focus of the Robert Half list on people skills is well-taken, because automation is likely to diminish the relative importance of applying an auditor’s purely technical skills. As a result of automation, the number of people employed in internal audit teams is likely to decline. One can also hope that the hours required to complete an external audit will decline as well, although I won’t argue with skeptics who expect the Big Four and other auditing companies will somehow manage to maintain the number of hours billed. Those who remain in the auditing profession are likely to be occupied in more interpersonal and analytical tasks, and they will need to have more knowledge of IT systems and analytics. Those studying accounting today would do well to ensure they have sufficient background in information technology systems to be able to compete in a future where IT and accounting are even more tightly linked. Those working in audit roles today must take the seventh and last recommendation, to engage in continuous learning, to heart. Otherwise, they’re likely to find themselves in the same position COBOL programmers found themselves in a decade ago, their skills made obsolete by the march of technology.
Regards,
Robert Kugel – SVP Research
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